Causes

By Mayo Clinic staff

	Female urinary system
	Male urinary system

Discolored urine is often caused by medications, certain foods or food dyes. In some cases, though, changes in urine color may be caused by certain health problems.

Red or pink urine
Despite its alarming appearance, red urine isn't necessarily serious. Red or pink urine may be caused by:

• Blood. Factors that can cause urinary blood (hematuria) include urinary tract infections, enlarged prostate, cancerous and noncancerous tumors, kidney cysts, long-distance running, and kidney or bladder stones.
• Foods. Beets, blackberries and rhubarb can turn urine red or pink.
• Medications. Rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane), an antibiotic often used to treat tuberculosis, can turn urine red — as can phenazopyridine (Pyridium), a drug that numbs urinary tract discomfort, and laxatives containing senna.
• Toxins. Chronic lead or mercury poisoning can cause urine to turn red.

Orange urine
Orange urine is hard to miss. Blame it on:

• Medications. Medications that can turn urine orange include rifampin; the anti-inflammatory drug sulfasalazine (Azulfidine); phenazopyridine (Pyridium), a drug that numbs urinary tract discomfort; some laxatives; and certain chemotherapy drugs.
• Medical conditions. In some cases, orange urine can indicate a problem with your liver or bile duct, especially if you also have light-colored stools. Orange urine may also be caused by dehydration, which can concentrate your urine and make it much deeper in color.

Blue or green urine
Blue or green urine can result from:

• Dyes. Some brightly colored food dyes can cause green urine. Dyes used for some tests of kidney and bladder function can turn urine blue.
• Medications. A number of medications produce blue or green urine, including amitriptyline, indomethacin (Indocin) and propofol (Diprivan).
• Medical conditions. Familial hypercalcemia, a rare inherited disorder, is sometimes called blue diaper syndrome because children with the disorder have blue urine. Green urine sometimes occurs during urinary tract infections caused by pseudomonas bacteria.

Dark brown or tea-colored urine

• Food. Eating large amounts of fava beans, rhubarb or aloe can cause dark brown urine.
• Medications. A number of drugs can darken urine, including the antimalarial drugs chloroquine and primaquine, the antibiotics metronidazole and nitrofurantoin, laxatives containing cascara or senna, and methocarbamol — a muscle relaxant.
• Medical conditions. Some liver and kidney disorders can turn urine dark brown, as can some urinary tract infections.

Cloudy or murky urine
Urinary tract infections and kidney stones can cause urine to appear cloudy or murky.

today's lose

1. ujian sakit kifarah dosa
2. ujian mengumpat
3. ujian istiqamah dalam ibadah mehnah tribualsi
4. ujian masa

today's won

1. keep promise to self
2. honesty da best
3. start muhasabah 
4. recall thalessemia, active learning

tomorrows improvement

>> TIME IS TIGHT<<

takut kepada makhluq, SYIRIK namanya

never asssume, always ask!

1) sometime to let someone wonders till he ask, is a way to train people around you, to ask. 

2) once ur called a wife, be very2 gentle in training and be very2 patient. pray hard to Allah those words u cant afford to utters, and let him beautifully convey d message for u to his heart. U may convey the words but He surely d one determines d messages.

3) must be able to disagree with a smile. agree to disagree.

strongly believe in this.. and i know o Allah, u'll guide my steps in dis path, insyaAllah

learning issue 1

learning issue

1) side effect of steroid

short term

• increase in appetite, 
• difficulty sleeping (insomnia), 
• changes in mood and behavior, flushing (redness) of the face, and 
• short-term weight gain due to increased water retention. 

These side effects usually resolve after a few days once the steroids have been stopped.


long term

• Glaucoma
• Cataracts
• High-blood pressure
• Heart disease
• Diabetes mellitus
• Obesity
• Acid reflux/GERD
• Osteoporosis
• Myopathy
• Increase in certain types of infections
• Cushing syndrome

2)  iron overload

a) why iron overload in regular transfusion

there was no mechanism of removal of the ferritin@ iron from lysis of RBC in normal mechanism. thus requiring iron chelating therapy

b) then why does not all who receive transfusion require the iron chelating therapy?

depending on frequency, most eventually will... the starting of iron chelating therapy begins when ferritin level more than 1000microgram. usually = after 20 times transfusion since each blood unit contain around 200 mg

c) how about thalessemia intermedia who doesnt receive transfusion will it too developed iron overload?

yes. RBC breakdown is high due to 1) ineffective erythropoiesis 2) hypoxia 3) chronic anemia leads to release of > 1) growth differentiation factor 15 2)Von Hippel Lindau factor 3) hypoxia inducible transcription factor. this will lead to REDUCE HEPCIDIN (protein produced by liver as coded by HAMP gene to regulate iron transport across gut mucosa preventing excess absorption and maintaining normal iron level.) Thus will lead to increase duodenal iron absorption and increase release iron from RES system.

learning issue 2

1) i saw him. he wasw by my age definitely as written but i had to care enough not to under-treated him like a 5 years old simply when he was physically small for his age. body might not growth when the brain developed and mature fully.. so dont ever misjudging the patient.

learning issues:

what d difference between failure to thrive and global developmental delay?

2) starwberry tongue. how does it look like?

3) we were talking about cafe' au leit spots, and tuberous

TURNING POINT

yeay.. blogging once again!!!
its time to kick real hard...
im 4th year medical student now,
icing on d cake, about to get married in 10 days time...

A) 10 days b4 wed,
B) 6days b4 long case
C) 7 days b4 mcq paed

preparation?
A) i'll give a score of 6.5..
B) 6
C) 5

strive harder zunaizah!!! time flies.. i would like to dedicate sth to my parents..

"sedamai taman firdausi limpahan kasih sayang sejati seharum semerbak kasturi mengharumi hidup insani indahnya, damai nya keluarga yg bahagia. itulah idaman impian setiap insan yg dahagakan belaian serta kasih dan sayang. ketika insan lain berbahgia bersama keluarga namun kita masih meniti titian rapuh perhubungan, mengapa kita terpisah daripada rahmatnya, mungkin l=kah kita seringkali melupakannya, ayuh lah bina semula keluarga diredhai Allah"